本頁是20道關於加拿大如何治理國家的練習題,涵蓋學習手冊中的三章:政府、聯邦選舉和司法制度。這幾章有很多看起來相似的英文詞,例如總理(Prime Minister)和省長(Premier),參議院(Senate)和眾議院(House of Commons)。做一遍測驗,正好檢查自己能不能把它們分清楚。
請注意:這些練習題是我們根據官方學習手冊《發現加拿大》(Discover Canada)中的事實自行撰寫的,並非取自正式考試。正式考試考的是同樣的知識點,但用字和選項會不一樣,所以要弄懂每一題背後的事實,而不是硬背句子。
正式考試只有英文和法文,所以題目和選項保留英文原文,答案標示和解析則用中文。
開始之前
- 先遮住答案,自己選好再對照,並把答案寫下來。
- 政府8題、選舉7題、司法5題。大部分是四選一的單選題,另有1道是非題(true/false)。
- 很多題目問「誰」或「哪一級政府」。作答前先想清楚:這是聯邦(federal)、省(provincial)還是市級(municipal)的事?這個職位是選舉產生(elected)還是任命(appointed)的?
- 正式考試共20題,內容涵蓋手冊各章;答對15題才算通過。
第5章:加拿大人如何治理國家(How Canadians Govern Themselves)
這一部分考加拿大的政體、議會(Parliament)如何立法,以及哪一級政府負責什麼。複習本章:加拿大人如何治理國家重點整理,再看加拿大政府「誰是誰」和法案如何成為法律。
1. Canada is a constitutional monarchy.
- A. True
- B. False
答案:A. True(正確) 加拿大是君主立憲制(constitutional monarchy)國家:君主查爾斯三世國王(King Charles III)是國家元首,但其職能由憲法規定,並受法治約束。
2. Who is the head of government in Canada?
- A. The Prime Minister
- B. The King
- C. The Governor General
- D. The Speaker of the House of Commons
答案:A. The Prime Minister 總理(Prime Minister)是政府首腦(head of government),負責政府的日常運作。國王是國家元首,兩者角色不同。
3. In which city does the Parliament of Canada meet?
- A. Toronto
- B. Ottawa
- C. Montreal
- D. Quebec City
答案:B. Ottawa 加拿大議會(Parliament)在首都渥太華(Ottawa)開會。多倫多和魁北克城是省會,那裡開會的是省議會。
4. In Canada’s parliamentary democracy, what are elected representatives responsible for?
- A. Granting Royal Assent to bills
- B. Choosing the Sovereign
- C. Appointing senators
- D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account
答案:D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account 當選代表負責通過法律、批准並監督政府開支,並讓政府對其負責(hold the government to account)。御准(Royal Assent)由總督授予,參議員也由總督任命,都不是議員的工作。
5. After a bill passes third reading in the House of Commons, where does it go next?
- A. To the Senate
- B. To the Supreme Court
- C. To the provincial legislatures
- D. Back to first reading
答案:A. To the Senate 眾議院三讀通過後,法案送交參議院(Senate),參議院會走類似的程序。兩院都通過後,法案才能獲得御准。
6. When Canada was formed in 1867, powers were divided between which two levels of government?
- A. Federal and municipal
- B. Provincial and municipal
- C. Federal and provincial
- D. Federal and territorial
答案:C. Federal and provincial 1867年,權力在聯邦政府(federal)和省政府(provincial)之間劃分。市政府(municipal)的權力來自省政府,並不是憲法直接劃分的一級。
7. Which level of government is responsible for citizenship?
- A. Provincial
- B. Municipal
- C. Federal
- D. Shared by provincial and municipal governments
答案:C. Federal 公民身份(citizenship)屬於聯邦職責,所以申請入籍要向加拿大聯邦政府提出,而不是向所在省份。
8. What are laws passed by a municipal council called?
- A. Bills
- B. Acts of Parliament
- C. Orders
- D. By-laws
答案:D. By-laws 市議會(municipal council)通過的法規叫做「市政法規」(by-laws),只在本地社區適用。「議會法案」(Acts of Parliament)是聯邦法律。
第6章:聯邦選舉(Federal Elections)
這一部分考選區(riding)、誰可以參選,以及投票時的具體步驟。複習本章:聯邦選舉重點整理,再讀加拿大選舉如何運作。
9. How many Members of Parliament does each federal riding elect?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. One
- D. It depends on the riding’s population
答案:C. One 每個選區只選出一名國會議員進入眾議院。人口多的省份選區數量較多,但每個選區仍然只選一名議員。
10. How is the winner chosen in each federal riding?
- A. The candidate with the most votes wins
- B. The party leader picks the winner
- C. The Governor General appoints the winner
- D. There is always a second round between the top two
答案:A. The candidate with the most votes wins 在每個選區,得票最多的候選人就成為國會議員,即使得票沒有超過一半也可以。聯邦選舉沒有第二輪投票。
11. Who may run as a candidate in a federal election?
- A. Any permanent resident aged 21 or older
- B. Only people chosen by the Prime Minister
- C. Any Canadian citizen aged 25 or older
- D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older
答案:D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older 任何年滿18歲的加拿大公民都可以成為候選人(candidate)。永久居民(permanent resident)不能參選,也沒有21歲或25歲這樣更高的年齡要求。
12. Which organization runs federal elections in Canada?
- A. Statistics Canada
- B. The Prime Minister’s Office
- C. Elections Canada
- D. The Senate
答案:C. Elections Canada 加拿大選舉局(Elections Canada)負責組織聯邦選舉並編製選民名單。它獨立於政府和各政黨,沒有任何政黨能控制選舉。
13. What does your voter information card tell you?
- A. Which candidate you should vote for
- B. When and where you can vote
- C. Your citizenship certificate number
- D. How your neighbours voted
答案:B. When and where you can vote 選民資訊卡(voter information card)告訴你投票的時間和地點。它不會告訴你該投給誰,也不是公民身分證明。
14. What does a secret ballot mean?
- A. Candidates’ names are kept secret until election day
- B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted
- C. Votes are never counted in public
- D. Only the government knows the results
答案:B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted 無記名投票(secret ballot)是指你私下投票,任何人都不能看你投票或查看你投給了誰。但計票結果仍然會公開宣布。
15. How do you mark a federal election ballot?
- A. Write the candidate’s full name
- B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate
- C. Sign your name beside your choice
- D. Number every candidate in order of preference
答案:B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate 在你選擇的候選人旁邊的圓圈裡畫一個X。不要在選票(ballot)上簽名,因為那會暴露你的身分。
第7章:司法制度(The Justice System)
這一部分考法治(rule of law)、警察、法院,以及到哪裡尋求法律協助。複習本章:司法制度重點整理,再讀加拿大司法制度與警察詳解。
16. Who must obey the law in Canada?
- A. Only Canadian citizens
- B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police
- C. Everyone except police officers
- D. Only adults born in Canada
答案:B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police 加拿大的法律對所有人一律平等適用,法官、政治人物和警察也不能凌駕於法律之上。
17. What is the main job of the police?
- A. To keep people safe and enforce the law
- B. To pass new laws
- C. To decide guilt in a trial
- D. To provide free lawyers
答案:A. To keep people safe and enforce the law 警察(police)的職責是保護公眾安全並執行法律。判定是否有罪是法院的工作,制定法律則由民選的立法者負責。
18. Which court hears civil cases about small amounts of money?
- A. The Supreme Court of Canada
- B. The Federal Court
- C. Small claims court
- D. A court of appeal
答案:C. Small claims court 小額索償法庭(small claims court)處理金額較小的民事糾紛,例如欠款未還。它的程序比上級法院更簡單、更快捷。
19. If you cannot afford a lawyer, what service may help you in most communities?
- A. Legal aid
- B. Jury duty
- C. Employment insurance
- D. The Federal Court
答案:A. Legal aid 法律援助(legal aid)為請不起律師的人提供免費或低價的法律服務。陪審義務(jury duty)是公民的責任,並不是法律幫助。
20. Who can give you legal advice and represent you in court?
- A. Your Member of Parliament
- B. A police officer
- C. A jury member
- D. A lawyer
答案:D. A lawyer 律師(lawyer)可以為你解決法律問題,並在法庭上代表你。如果請不起律師,可以申請法律援助(legal aid)。
你答對了幾題?
| 分數 | 下一步 |
|---|---|
| 18–20 | 成績很好,加拿大的政治制度你已經掌握了。做一套完整的練習題,檢查其他章節。 |
| 15–17 | 可以通過,但餘裕不大。找出失分最多的那一章,重讀它的重點整理。 |
| 15以下 | 暫時還沒達到及格線。自己列一張「誰負責什麼」的小表格(聯邦、省、市級),記熟後過幾天再做一次。 |
這幾章的錯誤大多來自把兩個相似的概念搞混:兩級政府、議會的兩個議院,或者選舉產生和任命產生的職位。複習錯題時,把正確答案和自己選的選項都寫下來,再寫清楚兩者的差別。
繼續練習:接下來可以做加拿大歷史測驗,或做涵蓋各章的入籍考試模擬題20道。然後做練習題第1套,一共20題,和正式考試的題量一樣。
本指南是淺顯易懂的概要,不構成法律建議。規定和費用可能變動 — 申請或付款前,請務必到 IRCC 官方網站確認。