加拿大政府、選舉與司法測驗:入籍考試練習題20道(附答案)

20道入籍考試練習題,涵蓋加拿大政府、聯邦選舉和司法制度三章,附答案和中文解析。題目保留英文,幫你分清總理、省長、參議院和眾議院。

已對照 canada.ca 查證:2026-11

本頁是20道關於加拿大如何治理國家的練習題,涵蓋學習手冊中的三章:政府、聯邦選舉和司法制度。這幾章有很多看起來相似的英文詞,例如總理(Prime Minister)和省長(Premier),參議院(Senate)和眾議院(House of Commons)。做一遍測驗,正好檢查自己能不能把它們分清楚。

請注意:這些練習題是我們根據官方學習手冊《發現加拿大》(Discover Canada)中的事實自行撰寫的,並非取自正式考試。正式考試考的是同樣的知識點,但用字和選項會不一樣,所以要弄懂每一題背後的事實,而不是硬背句子。

正式考試只有英文和法文,所以題目和選項保留英文原文,答案標示和解析則用中文。

開始之前

  • 先遮住答案,自己選好再對照,並把答案寫下來。
  • 政府8題、選舉7題、司法5題。大部分是四選一的單選題,另有1道是非題(true/false)。
  • 很多題目問「誰」或「哪一級政府」。作答前先想清楚:這是聯邦(federal)、省(provincial)還是市級(municipal)的事?這個職位是選舉產生(elected)還是任命(appointed)的?
  • 正式考試共20題,內容涵蓋手冊各章;答對15題才算通過。

第5章:加拿大人如何治理國家(How Canadians Govern Themselves)

這一部分考加拿大的政體、議會(Parliament)如何立法,以及哪一級政府負責什麼。複習本章:加拿大人如何治理國家重點整理,再看加拿大政府「誰是誰」和法案如何成為法律。

1. Canada is a constitutional monarchy.

  • A. True
  • B. False

答案:A. True(正確) 加拿大是君主立憲制(constitutional monarchy)國家:君主查爾斯三世國王(King Charles III)是國家元首,但其職能由憲法規定,並受法治約束。

2. Who is the head of government in Canada?

  • A. The Prime Minister
  • B. The King
  • C. The Governor General
  • D. The Speaker of the House of Commons

答案:A. The Prime Minister 總理(Prime Minister)是政府首腦(head of government),負責政府的日常運作。國王是國家元首,兩者角色不同。

3. In which city does the Parliament of Canada meet?

  • A. Toronto
  • B. Ottawa
  • C. Montreal
  • D. Quebec City

答案:B. Ottawa 加拿大議會(Parliament)在首都渥太華(Ottawa)開會。多倫多和魁北克城是省會,那裡開會的是省議會。

4. In Canada’s parliamentary democracy, what are elected representatives responsible for?

  • A. Granting Royal Assent to bills
  • B. Choosing the Sovereign
  • C. Appointing senators
  • D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account

答案:D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account 當選代表負責通過法律、批准並監督政府開支,並讓政府對其負責(hold the government to account)。御准(Royal Assent)由總督授予,參議員也由總督任命,都不是議員的工作。

5. After a bill passes third reading in the House of Commons, where does it go next?

  • A. To the Senate
  • B. To the Supreme Court
  • C. To the provincial legislatures
  • D. Back to first reading

答案:A. To the Senate 眾議院三讀通過後,法案送交參議院(Senate),參議院會走類似的程序。兩院都通過後,法案才能獲得御准。

6. When Canada was formed in 1867, powers were divided between which two levels of government?

  • A. Federal and municipal
  • B. Provincial and municipal
  • C. Federal and provincial
  • D. Federal and territorial

答案:C. Federal and provincial 1867年,權力在聯邦政府(federal)和省政府(provincial)之間劃分。市政府(municipal)的權力來自省政府,並不是憲法直接劃分的一級。

7. Which level of government is responsible for citizenship?

  • A. Provincial
  • B. Municipal
  • C. Federal
  • D. Shared by provincial and municipal governments

答案:C. Federal 公民身份(citizenship)屬於聯邦職責,所以申請入籍要向加拿大聯邦政府提出,而不是向所在省份。

8. What are laws passed by a municipal council called?

  • A. Bills
  • B. Acts of Parliament
  • C. Orders
  • D. By-laws

答案:D. By-laws 市議會(municipal council)通過的法規叫做「市政法規」(by-laws),只在本地社區適用。「議會法案」(Acts of Parliament)是聯邦法律。

第6章:聯邦選舉(Federal Elections)

這一部分考選區(riding)、誰可以參選,以及投票時的具體步驟。複習本章:聯邦選舉重點整理,再讀加拿大選舉如何運作。

9. How many Members of Parliament does each federal riding elect?

  • A. Two
  • B. Three
  • C. One
  • D. It depends on the riding’s population

答案:C. One 每個選區只選出一名國會議員進入眾議院。人口多的省份選區數量較多,但每個選區仍然只選一名議員。

10. How is the winner chosen in each federal riding?

  • A. The candidate with the most votes wins
  • B. The party leader picks the winner
  • C. The Governor General appoints the winner
  • D. There is always a second round between the top two

答案:A. The candidate with the most votes wins 在每個選區,得票最多的候選人就成為國會議員,即使得票沒有超過一半也可以。聯邦選舉沒有第二輪投票。

11. Who may run as a candidate in a federal election?

  • A. Any permanent resident aged 21 or older
  • B. Only people chosen by the Prime Minister
  • C. Any Canadian citizen aged 25 or older
  • D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older

答案:D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older 任何年滿18歲的加拿大公民都可以成為候選人(candidate)。永久居民(permanent resident)不能參選,也沒有21歲或25歲這樣更高的年齡要求。

12. Which organization runs federal elections in Canada?

  • A. Statistics Canada
  • B. The Prime Minister’s Office
  • C. Elections Canada
  • D. The Senate

答案:C. Elections Canada 加拿大選舉局(Elections Canada)負責組織聯邦選舉並編製選民名單。它獨立於政府和各政黨,沒有任何政黨能控制選舉。

13. What does your voter information card tell you?

  • A. Which candidate you should vote for
  • B. When and where you can vote
  • C. Your citizenship certificate number
  • D. How your neighbours voted

答案:B. When and where you can vote 選民資訊卡(voter information card)告訴你投票的時間和地點。它不會告訴你該投給誰,也不是公民身分證明。

14. What does a secret ballot mean?

  • A. Candidates’ names are kept secret until election day
  • B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted
  • C. Votes are never counted in public
  • D. Only the government knows the results

答案:B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted 無記名投票(secret ballot)是指你私下投票,任何人都不能看你投票或查看你投給了誰。但計票結果仍然會公開宣布。

15. How do you mark a federal election ballot?

  • A. Write the candidate’s full name
  • B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate
  • C. Sign your name beside your choice
  • D. Number every candidate in order of preference

答案:B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate 在你選擇的候選人旁邊的圓圈裡畫一個X。不要在選票(ballot)上簽名,因為那會暴露你的身分。

第7章:司法制度(The Justice System)

這一部分考法治(rule of law)、警察、法院,以及到哪裡尋求法律協助。複習本章:司法制度重點整理,再讀加拿大司法制度與警察詳解。

16. Who must obey the law in Canada?

  • A. Only Canadian citizens
  • B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police
  • C. Everyone except police officers
  • D. Only adults born in Canada

答案:B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police 加拿大的法律對所有人一律平等適用,法官、政治人物和警察也不能凌駕於法律之上。

17. What is the main job of the police?

  • A. To keep people safe and enforce the law
  • B. To pass new laws
  • C. To decide guilt in a trial
  • D. To provide free lawyers

答案:A. To keep people safe and enforce the law 警察(police)的職責是保護公眾安全並執行法律。判定是否有罪是法院的工作,制定法律則由民選的立法者負責。

18. Which court hears civil cases about small amounts of money?

  • A. The Supreme Court of Canada
  • B. The Federal Court
  • C. Small claims court
  • D. A court of appeal

答案:C. Small claims court 小額索償法庭(small claims court)處理金額較小的民事糾紛,例如欠款未還。它的程序比上級法院更簡單、更快捷。

19. If you cannot afford a lawyer, what service may help you in most communities?

  • A. Legal aid
  • B. Jury duty
  • C. Employment insurance
  • D. The Federal Court

答案:A. Legal aid 法律援助(legal aid)為請不起律師的人提供免費或低價的法律服務。陪審義務(jury duty)是公民的責任,並不是法律幫助。

20. Who can give you legal advice and represent you in court?

  • A. Your Member of Parliament
  • B. A police officer
  • C. A jury member
  • D. A lawyer

答案:D. A lawyer 律師(lawyer)可以為你解決法律問題,並在法庭上代表你。如果請不起律師,可以申請法律援助(legal aid)。

你答對了幾題?

分數下一步
18–20成績很好,加拿大的政治制度你已經掌握了。做一套完整的練習題,檢查其他章節。
15–17可以通過,但餘裕不大。找出失分最多的那一章,重讀它的重點整理。
15以下暫時還沒達到及格線。自己列一張「誰負責什麼」的小表格(聯邦、省、市級),記熟後過幾天再做一次。

這幾章的錯誤大多來自把兩個相似的概念搞混:兩級政府、議會的兩個議院,或者選舉產生和任命產生的職位。複習錯題時,把正確答案和自己選的選項都寫下來,再寫清楚兩者的差別。

繼續練習:接下來可以做加拿大歷史測驗,或做涵蓋各章的入籍考試模擬題20道。然後做練習題第1套,一共20題,和正式考試的題量一樣。

本指南是淺顯易懂的概要,不構成法律建議。規定和費用可能變動 — 申請或付款前,請務必到 IRCC 官方網站確認。