本页是20道关于加拿大如何治理国家的练习题,覆盖学习手册中的三章:政府、联邦选举和司法制度。这几章有很多看起来相似的英文词,比如总理(Prime Minister)和省长(Premier),参议院(Senate)和众议院(House of Commons)。做一遍测验,正好检查自己能不能把它们分清楚。
请注意:这些练习题是我们根据官方学习手册《发现加拿大》(Discover Canada)中的事实自行编写的,并非取自正式考试。正式考试考的是同样的知识点,但措辞和选项会不一样,所以要弄懂每道题背后的事实,而不是死背句子。
正式考试只有英文和法文,所以题目和选项保留英文原文,答案标签和解析用中文。
开始之前
- 先挡住答案,自己选好再核对,并把答案写下来。
- 政府8题、选举7题、司法5题。大部分是四选一的单选题,另有1道判断题(true/false)。
- 很多题问“谁”或“哪一级政府”。作答前先想清楚:这是联邦(federal)、省(provincial)还是市级(municipal)的事?这个职位是选举产生(elected)还是任命(appointed)的?
- 正式考试共20题,内容覆盖手册各章;答对15题才能通过。
第5章:加拿大人如何治理国家(How Canadians Govern Themselves)
这一部分考加拿大的政体、议会(Parliament)如何立法,以及哪一级政府负责什么。复习本章:加拿大人如何治理国家学习要点,再看加拿大政府“谁是谁”和法案如何成为法律。
1. Canada is a constitutional monarchy.
- A. True
- B. False
答案:A. True(正确) 加拿大是君主立宪制(constitutional monarchy)国家:君主查尔斯三世国王(King Charles III)是国家元首,但其职能由宪法规定,并受法治约束。
2. Who is the head of government in Canada?
- A. The Prime Minister
- B. The King
- C. The Governor General
- D. The Speaker of the House of Commons
答案:A. The Prime Minister 总理(Prime Minister)是政府首脑(head of government),负责政府的日常运作。国王是国家元首,两者角色不同。
3. In which city does the Parliament of Canada meet?
- A. Toronto
- B. Ottawa
- C. Montreal
- D. Quebec City
答案:B. Ottawa 加拿大议会(Parliament)在首都渥太华(Ottawa)开会。多伦多和魁北克城是省会,那里开会的是省议会。
4. In Canada’s parliamentary democracy, what are elected representatives responsible for?
- A. Granting Royal Assent to bills
- B. Choosing the Sovereign
- C. Appointing senators
- D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account
答案:D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account 当选代表负责通过法律、批准并监督政府开支,并让政府对其负责(hold the government to account)。御准(Royal Assent)由总督授予,参议员也由总督任命,都不是议员的工作。
5. After a bill passes third reading in the House of Commons, where does it go next?
- A. To the Senate
- B. To the Supreme Court
- C. To the provincial legislatures
- D. Back to first reading
答案:A. To the Senate 众议院三读通过后,法案送交参议院(Senate),参议院会走类似的程序。两院都通过后,法案才能获得御准。
6. When Canada was formed in 1867, powers were divided between which two levels of government?
- A. Federal and municipal
- B. Provincial and municipal
- C. Federal and provincial
- D. Federal and territorial
答案:C. Federal and provincial 1867年,权力在联邦政府(federal)和省政府(provincial)之间划分。市政府(municipal)的权力来自省政府,并不是宪法直接划分的一级。
7. Which level of government is responsible for citizenship?
- A. Provincial
- B. Municipal
- C. Federal
- D. Shared by provincial and municipal governments
答案:C. Federal 公民身份(citizenship)属于联邦职责,所以申请入籍要向加拿大联邦政府提出,而不是向所在省份。
8. What are laws passed by a municipal council called?
- A. Bills
- B. Acts of Parliament
- C. Orders
- D. By-laws
答案:D. By-laws 市议会(municipal council)通过的法规叫做“市政法规”(by-laws),只在本地社区适用。“议会法案”(Acts of Parliament)是联邦法律。
第6章:联邦选举(Federal Elections)
这一部分考选区(riding)、谁可以参选,以及投票时的具体步骤。复习本章:联邦选举学习要点,再读加拿大选举怎么运作。
9. How many Members of Parliament does each federal riding elect?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. One
- D. It depends on the riding’s population
答案:C. One 每个选区只选出一名国会议员进入众议院。人口多的省份选区数量较多,但每个选区仍然只选一名议员。
10. How is the winner chosen in each federal riding?
- A. The candidate with the most votes wins
- B. The party leader picks the winner
- C. The Governor General appoints the winner
- D. There is always a second round between the top two
答案:A. The candidate with the most votes wins 在每个选区,得票最多的候选人就成为国会议员,即使得票没有超过一半也可以。联邦选举没有第二轮投票。
11. Who may run as a candidate in a federal election?
- A. Any permanent resident aged 21 or older
- B. Only people chosen by the Prime Minister
- C. Any Canadian citizen aged 25 or older
- D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older
答案:D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older 任何年满18岁的加拿大公民都可以成为候选人(candidate)。永久居民(permanent resident)不能参选,也没有21岁或25岁这样更高的年龄要求。
12. Which organization runs federal elections in Canada?
- A. Statistics Canada
- B. The Prime Minister’s Office
- C. Elections Canada
- D. The Senate
答案:C. Elections Canada 加拿大选举局(Elections Canada)负责组织联邦选举并编制选民名单。它独立于政府和各政党,没有任何政党能控制选举。
13. What does your voter information card tell you?
- A. Which candidate you should vote for
- B. When and where you can vote
- C. Your citizenship certificate number
- D. How your neighbours voted
答案:B. When and where you can vote 选民信息卡(voter information card)告诉你投票的时间和地点。它不会告诉你该投给谁,也不是公民身份证明。
14. What does a secret ballot mean?
- A. Candidates’ names are kept secret until election day
- B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted
- C. Votes are never counted in public
- D. Only the government knows the results
答案:B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted 无记名投票(secret ballot)是指你私下投票,任何人都不能看你投票或查看你投给了谁。但计票结果仍然会公开宣布。
15. How do you mark a federal election ballot?
- A. Write the candidate’s full name
- B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate
- C. Sign your name beside your choice
- D. Number every candidate in order of preference
答案:B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate 在你选择的候选人旁边的圆圈里画一个X。不要在选票(ballot)上签名,因为那会暴露你的身份。
第7章:司法制度(The Justice System)
这一部分考法治(rule of law)、警察、法院,以及到哪里寻求法律帮助。复习本章:司法制度学习要点,再读加拿大司法制度与警察详解。
16. Who must obey the law in Canada?
- A. Only Canadian citizens
- B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police
- C. Everyone except police officers
- D. Only adults born in Canada
答案:B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police 加拿大的法律对所有人一律平等适用,法官、政治人物和警察也不能凌驾于法律之上。
17. What is the main job of the police?
- A. To keep people safe and enforce the law
- B. To pass new laws
- C. To decide guilt in a trial
- D. To provide free lawyers
答案:A. To keep people safe and enforce the law 警察(police)的职责是保护公众安全并执行法律。判定是否有罪是法院的工作,制定法律则由民选的立法者负责。
18. Which court hears civil cases about small amounts of money?
- A. The Supreme Court of Canada
- B. The Federal Court
- C. Small claims court
- D. A court of appeal
答案:C. Small claims court 小额索偿法庭(small claims court)处理金额较小的民事纠纷,例如欠款未还。它的程序比上级法院更简单、更快捷。
19. If you cannot afford a lawyer, what service may help you in most communities?
- A. Legal aid
- B. Jury duty
- C. Employment insurance
- D. The Federal Court
答案:A. Legal aid 法律援助(legal aid)为请不起律师的人提供免费或低价的法律服务。陪审义务(jury duty)是公民的责任,并不是法律帮助。
20. Who can give you legal advice and represent you in court?
- A. Your Member of Parliament
- B. A police officer
- C. A jury member
- D. A lawyer
答案:D. A lawyer 律师(lawyer)可以为你解决法律问题,并在法庭上代表你。如果请不起律师,可以申请法律援助(legal aid)。
你答对了几题?
| 得分 | 下一步 |
|---|---|
| 18–20 | 成绩很好,加拿大的政治制度你已经掌握了。做一套完整的练习题,检查其他章节。 |
| 15–17 | 可以通过,但余量不大。找出失分最多的那一章,重读它的学习要点。 |
| 15以下 | 暂时还没达到及格线。自己列一张“谁负责什么”的小表格(联邦、省、市级),背熟后过几天再做一次。 |
这几章的错误大多来自把两个相似的概念弄混:两级政府、议会的两个议院,或者选举产生和任命产生的职位。复习错题时,把正确答案和自己选的选项都写下来,再写清楚两者的区别。
继续练习:接下来可以做加拿大历史测验,或者做覆盖各章的入籍考试模拟题20道。然后做练习题第1套,一共20题,和正式考试的题量一样。
本指南是通俗易懂的概要,不构成法律建议。规定和费用可能变动 — 申请或付款前,请务必在 IRCC 官方网站上确认。