加拿大政府、选举与司法测验:入籍考试练习题20道(附答案)

20道入籍考试练习题,覆盖加拿大政府、联邦选举和司法制度三章,附答案和中文解析。题目保留英文,帮你分清总理、省长、参议院和众议院。

已对照 canada.ca 核实:2026-11

本页是20道关于加拿大如何治理国家的练习题,覆盖学习手册中的三章:政府、联邦选举和司法制度。这几章有很多看起来相似的英文词,比如总理(Prime Minister)和省长(Premier),参议院(Senate)和众议院(House of Commons)。做一遍测验,正好检查自己能不能把它们分清楚。

请注意:这些练习题是我们根据官方学习手册《发现加拿大》(Discover Canada)中的事实自行编写的,并非取自正式考试。正式考试考的是同样的知识点,但措辞和选项会不一样,所以要弄懂每道题背后的事实,而不是死背句子。

正式考试只有英文和法文,所以题目和选项保留英文原文,答案标签和解析用中文。

开始之前

  • 先挡住答案,自己选好再核对,并把答案写下来。
  • 政府8题、选举7题、司法5题。大部分是四选一的单选题,另有1道判断题(true/false)。
  • 很多题问“谁”或“哪一级政府”。作答前先想清楚:这是联邦(federal)、省(provincial)还是市级(municipal)的事?这个职位是选举产生(elected)还是任命(appointed)的?
  • 正式考试共20题,内容覆盖手册各章;答对15题才能通过。

第5章:加拿大人如何治理国家(How Canadians Govern Themselves)

这一部分考加拿大的政体、议会(Parliament)如何立法,以及哪一级政府负责什么。复习本章:加拿大人如何治理国家学习要点,再看加拿大政府“谁是谁”和法案如何成为法律。

1. Canada is a constitutional monarchy.

  • A. True
  • B. False

答案:A. True(正确) 加拿大是君主立宪制(constitutional monarchy)国家:君主查尔斯三世国王(King Charles III)是国家元首,但其职能由宪法规定,并受法治约束。

2. Who is the head of government in Canada?

  • A. The Prime Minister
  • B. The King
  • C. The Governor General
  • D. The Speaker of the House of Commons

答案:A. The Prime Minister 总理(Prime Minister)是政府首脑(head of government),负责政府的日常运作。国王是国家元首,两者角色不同。

3. In which city does the Parliament of Canada meet?

  • A. Toronto
  • B. Ottawa
  • C. Montreal
  • D. Quebec City

答案:B. Ottawa 加拿大议会(Parliament)在首都渥太华(Ottawa)开会。多伦多和魁北克城是省会,那里开会的是省议会。

4. In Canada’s parliamentary democracy, what are elected representatives responsible for?

  • A. Granting Royal Assent to bills
  • B. Choosing the Sovereign
  • C. Appointing senators
  • D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account

答案:D. Passing laws, approving spending and holding the government to account 当选代表负责通过法律、批准并监督政府开支,并让政府对其负责(hold the government to account)。御准(Royal Assent)由总督授予,参议员也由总督任命,都不是议员的工作。

5. After a bill passes third reading in the House of Commons, where does it go next?

  • A. To the Senate
  • B. To the Supreme Court
  • C. To the provincial legislatures
  • D. Back to first reading

答案:A. To the Senate 众议院三读通过后,法案送交参议院(Senate),参议院会走类似的程序。两院都通过后,法案才能获得御准。

6. When Canada was formed in 1867, powers were divided between which two levels of government?

  • A. Federal and municipal
  • B. Provincial and municipal
  • C. Federal and provincial
  • D. Federal and territorial

答案:C. Federal and provincial 1867年,权力在联邦政府(federal)和省政府(provincial)之间划分。市政府(municipal)的权力来自省政府,并不是宪法直接划分的一级。

7. Which level of government is responsible for citizenship?

  • A. Provincial
  • B. Municipal
  • C. Federal
  • D. Shared by provincial and municipal governments

答案:C. Federal 公民身份(citizenship)属于联邦职责,所以申请入籍要向加拿大联邦政府提出,而不是向所在省份。

8. What are laws passed by a municipal council called?

  • A. Bills
  • B. Acts of Parliament
  • C. Orders
  • D. By-laws

答案:D. By-laws 市议会(municipal council)通过的法规叫做“市政法规”(by-laws),只在本地社区适用。“议会法案”(Acts of Parliament)是联邦法律。

第6章:联邦选举(Federal Elections)

这一部分考选区(riding)、谁可以参选,以及投票时的具体步骤。复习本章:联邦选举学习要点,再读加拿大选举怎么运作。

9. How many Members of Parliament does each federal riding elect?

  • A. Two
  • B. Three
  • C. One
  • D. It depends on the riding’s population

答案:C. One 每个选区只选出一名国会议员进入众议院。人口多的省份选区数量较多,但每个选区仍然只选一名议员。

10. How is the winner chosen in each federal riding?

  • A. The candidate with the most votes wins
  • B. The party leader picks the winner
  • C. The Governor General appoints the winner
  • D. There is always a second round between the top two

答案:A. The candidate with the most votes wins 在每个选区,得票最多的候选人就成为国会议员,即使得票没有超过一半也可以。联邦选举没有第二轮投票。

11. Who may run as a candidate in a federal election?

  • A. Any permanent resident aged 21 or older
  • B. Only people chosen by the Prime Minister
  • C. Any Canadian citizen aged 25 or older
  • D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older

答案:D. Any Canadian citizen aged 18 or older 任何年满18岁的加拿大公民都可以成为候选人(candidate)。永久居民(permanent resident)不能参选,也没有21岁或25岁这样更高的年龄要求。

12. Which organization runs federal elections in Canada?

  • A. Statistics Canada
  • B. The Prime Minister’s Office
  • C. Elections Canada
  • D. The Senate

答案:C. Elections Canada 加拿大选举局(Elections Canada)负责组织联邦选举并编制选民名单。它独立于政府和各政党,没有任何政党能控制选举。

13. What does your voter information card tell you?

  • A. Which candidate you should vote for
  • B. When and where you can vote
  • C. Your citizenship certificate number
  • D. How your neighbours voted

答案:B. When and where you can vote 选民信息卡(voter information card)告诉你投票的时间和地点。它不会告诉你该投给谁,也不是公民身份证明。

14. What does a secret ballot mean?

  • A. Candidates’ names are kept secret until election day
  • B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted
  • C. Votes are never counted in public
  • D. Only the government knows the results

答案:B. No one may watch you vote or see how you voted 无记名投票(secret ballot)是指你私下投票,任何人都不能看你投票或查看你投给了谁。但计票结果仍然会公开宣布。

15. How do you mark a federal election ballot?

  • A. Write the candidate’s full name
  • B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate
  • C. Sign your name beside your choice
  • D. Number every candidate in order of preference

答案:B. Put an X in the circle beside your chosen candidate 在你选择的候选人旁边的圆圈里画一个X。不要在选票(ballot)上签名,因为那会暴露你的身份。

第7章:司法制度(The Justice System)

这一部分考法治(rule of law)、警察、法院,以及到哪里寻求法律帮助。复习本章:司法制度学习要点,再读加拿大司法制度与警察详解。

16. Who must obey the law in Canada?

  • A. Only Canadian citizens
  • B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police
  • C. Everyone except police officers
  • D. Only adults born in Canada

答案:B. Everyone, including judges, politicians and the police 加拿大的法律对所有人一律平等适用,法官、政治人物和警察也不能凌驾于法律之上。

17. What is the main job of the police?

  • A. To keep people safe and enforce the law
  • B. To pass new laws
  • C. To decide guilt in a trial
  • D. To provide free lawyers

答案:A. To keep people safe and enforce the law 警察(police)的职责是保护公众安全并执行法律。判定是否有罪是法院的工作,制定法律则由民选的立法者负责。

18. Which court hears civil cases about small amounts of money?

  • A. The Supreme Court of Canada
  • B. The Federal Court
  • C. Small claims court
  • D. A court of appeal

答案:C. Small claims court 小额索偿法庭(small claims court)处理金额较小的民事纠纷,例如欠款未还。它的程序比上级法院更简单、更快捷。

19. If you cannot afford a lawyer, what service may help you in most communities?

  • A. Legal aid
  • B. Jury duty
  • C. Employment insurance
  • D. The Federal Court

答案:A. Legal aid 法律援助(legal aid)为请不起律师的人提供免费或低价的法律服务。陪审义务(jury duty)是公民的责任,并不是法律帮助。

20. Who can give you legal advice and represent you in court?

  • A. Your Member of Parliament
  • B. A police officer
  • C. A jury member
  • D. A lawyer

答案:D. A lawyer 律师(lawyer)可以为你解决法律问题,并在法庭上代表你。如果请不起律师,可以申请法律援助(legal aid)。

你答对了几题?

得分下一步
18–20成绩很好,加拿大的政治制度你已经掌握了。做一套完整的练习题,检查其他章节。
15–17可以通过,但余量不大。找出失分最多的那一章,重读它的学习要点。
15以下暂时还没达到及格线。自己列一张“谁负责什么”的小表格(联邦、省、市级),背熟后过几天再做一次。

这几章的错误大多来自把两个相似的概念弄混:两级政府、议会的两个议院,或者选举产生和任命产生的职位。复习错题时,把正确答案和自己选的选项都写下来,再写清楚两者的区别。

继续练习:接下来可以做加拿大历史测验,或者做覆盖各章的入籍考试模拟题20道。然后做练习题第1套,一共20题,和正式考试的题量一样。

本指南是通俗易懂的概要,不构成法律建议。规定和费用可能变动 — 申请或付款前,请务必在 IRCC 官方网站上确认。